Sử dụng phương pháp hệ số bật định .

\(\frac{a}{x-2}+\frac{b}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{a\left(x+1\right)^2+b\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{ax^2+\left(2a+b\right)x+\left(a-2b\right)}{x^3-3x-2}\)

Đồng nhất với phân thức \(\frac{x^2+5}{x^3-3x-2}\) ta có : \(\begin{cases}a=1\\2a+b=0\\a-2b=5\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}a=1\\b=-2\end{cases}\)

Vậy \(\frac{x^2+5}{x^3-3x-2}=\frac{1}{x-2}-\frac{2}{\left(x+1\right)^2}.\)

Ta có: \(\frac{x^2y+2xy^2+y^3}{2x^2+xy-y^2}\)

\(=\frac{x^2y+xy^2+xy^2+y^3}{2x^2+2xy-xy-y^2}\)

\(=\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)+y^2\left(x+y\right)}{2x\left(x+y\right)-y\left(x+y\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+y^2\right)}{\left(2x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{xy+y^2}{2x-y}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Ta có: \(\frac{x^2+3xy+2y^2}{x^3+2x^2y-xy^2-2y^3}\)

\(=\frac{x^2+xy+2xy+2y^2}{x^2\left(x+2y\right)-y^2\left(x+2y\right)}\)

\(=\frac{x\left(x+y\right)+2y\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x+2y\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x+2y\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)\left(x+2y\right)}=\frac{1}{x-y}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Bài 2: \(a,\frac{7x-1}{2x^2+6x}=\frac{7x-1}{2x\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{\left(7x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)}{2x\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\) 

 \(\frac{5-3x}{x^2-9}=\frac{5-3x}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}=\frac{\left(5-3x\right)2x}{2x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}\)

\(b,\frac{x+1}{x-x^2}=\frac{x+1}{x\left(1-x\right)}=-\frac{x+1}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2x\left(x-1\right)^2}\) 

 \(\frac{x+2}{2-4x+2x^2}=\frac{x+2}{2\left(x-1\right)^2}=\frac{2x\left(x+2\right)}{2x\left(x-1\right)^2}\)

\(c,\frac{4x^2-3x+5}{x^3-1}=\frac{4x^2-3x+5}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\) 

\(\frac{2x}{x^2+x+1}=\frac{2x\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(\frac{6}{x-1}=\frac{6\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(d,\frac{7}{5x}=\frac{7.2\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}{2.5x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)

\(\frac{4}{x-2y}=-\frac{4}{2y-x}=-\frac{4.2.5x\left(2x+x\right)}{2.5x\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)

\(\frac{x-y}{8y^2-2x^2}=\frac{x-y}{2\left(4y^2-x^2\right)}=\frac{x-y}{2\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}=\frac{5x\left(x-y\right)}{2.5x.\left(2y-x\right)\left(2y+x\right)}\)

Bài 1.

a)\(\frac{4x-4}{x^2-4x+4}\div\frac{x^2-1}{\left(2-x\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\div\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}=\frac{4\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-2\right)^2}\times\frac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{4}{x+1}\)

b) \(\frac{2x+1}{2x^2-x}+\frac{32x^2}{1-4x^2}+\frac{1-2x}{2x^2+x}=\frac{2x+1}{x\left(2x-1\right)}+\frac{-32x^2}{4x^2-1}+\frac{1-2x}{x\left(2x+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}+\frac{-32x^3}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}+\frac{\left(1-2x\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{4x^2+4x+1}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}+\frac{-32x^3}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}+\frac{-4x^2+4x-1}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{4x^2+4x+1-32x^3-4x^2+4x-1}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\frac{-32x^3+8x}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{-8x\left(4x^2-1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\frac{-8x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}{x\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=-8\)

c) \(\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x-1}-\frac{2x}{1-x^2}\right)\times\frac{x-1}{4x}\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x-1}+\frac{2x}{x^2-1}\right)\times\frac{x-1}{4x}\)

\(=\left(\frac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right)\times\frac{x-1}{4x}\)

\(=\left(\frac{x-1+x+1+2x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right)\times\frac{x-1}{4x}\)

\(=\frac{4x}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\times\frac{x-1}{4x}=\frac{1}{x+1}\)

Bài 3.

N = ( 4x + 3 )² - 2x( x + 6 ) - 5( x - 2 )( x + 2 )

= 16x² + 24x + 9 - 2x² - 12x - 5( x² - 4 )

= 14x² + 12x + 9 - 5x² + 20

= 9x² + 12x + 29

= 9( x² + 4/3x + 4/9 ) + 25

= 9( x + 2/3 )² + 25 ≥ 25 > 0 ∀ x 

=> đpcm

B1:

Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\\\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|\ge0\\\left|4z+5\right|\ge0\end{cases}\left(\forall x,y,z\right)}\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\left|4z+5\right|\ge0\left(\forall x,y,z\right)\)

Mà theo đề bài, \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\left|4z+5\right|\le0\) nên dấu "=" xảy ra khi:

\(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|=\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|=\left|4z+5\right|=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{6}\\z=-\frac{5}{4}\end{cases}}\)

B2:

a) Nếu \(x< 1\) => \(A=1-x+x+3=4\)

Nếu \(x\ge1\) => \(A=x-1+x+3=2x+2\)

b) Nếu \(x< -\frac{3}{2}\) => \(B=2x+2x+3=4x+3\)

Nếu \(x\ge-\frac{3}{2}\) => \(B=2x-2x-3=-3\)

Bài 1.

Ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|\ge0\forall x\\\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|\ge0\forall y\\\left|4z+5\right|\ge0\forall z\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\left|4z+5\right|\ge0\forall x,y,z\)

Kết hợp với đề bài => Chỉ xảy ra trường hợp \(\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|+\left|2y-\frac{1}{3}\right|+\left|4z+5\right|=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\2y-\frac{1}{3}=0\\4z+5=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{6}\\z=-\frac{5}{4}\end{cases}}\)

Bài 2.

A = | x - 1 | + x + 3

Với x < 1 => A = -( x - 1 ) + x + 3 = -x + 1 + x + 3 = 4

Với x ≥ 1 => A = ( x - 1 ) + x + 3 = x - 1 + x + 3 = 2x + 2

B = 2x - | 2x + 3 |

Với x < -3/2 => B = 2x - -( 2x + 3 ) = 2x + ( 2x + 3 ) = 2x + 2x + 3 = 4x + 3 

Với x ≥ -3/2 => B = 2x + -( 2x + 3 ) = 2x - ( 2x + 3 ) = 2x - 2x - 3 = -3